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Editorials

Spring-cleaning in France
The French scientific research system is ripe for reform.

The gathering storm rages on
Two years on, a National Academies report on US competitiveness struggles to make an impact.

Bountiful noise
Whether in music or in nature, noise can be full of riches. The trick is to recognize the treasures.

Research Highlights

Climatic volcanoes

Materials science: Carbon on display

Organic chemistry: Flushing out HIV

Developmental biology: Antler insight

Neuroscience: Bird brains

Microbiology: A genetic monster

Nanotechnology: Tiny carbon workers

Chemical biology: Maths and malaria

Astronomy: Galactic mapping

Microbiology: Fuel cell

Journal Club

Journal club
François Balloux

News

Top billing for platypus at end of evolution tree
Monotreme's genome shares features with mammals, birds and reptiles.
Susan Brown

Chemists spin a web of data
Chemspider website provides free information on millions of molecules.
Geoff Brumfiel

Medical schools swap pigs for plastic
Doctors used to try out their surgical skills on animals before being allowed to work on patients. Now just a handful of US medical schools still have animal labs. Meredith Wadman asks if they've lost a vital tool.
Meredith Wadman

Phoenix descending
NASA's Mars strategy goes from "follow the water" to "arrive at the ice".
Eric Hand

Research revolution?
Valérie Pecresse has been a member of the French National Assembly (Yvelines department) since 2002. She rose to prominence as the combative spokeswoman for Nicolas Sarkozy's centre–right UMP party during the 2007 presidential race, after which she was appointed minister for higher education and research.

Sidelines
Scribbles on the margins of science.

Institutes marshal locals to boost African physics

Patent on Mexican yellow beans is reversed

Drug firm turns spotlight on basic systems biology

NASA watchdog calls for Orion board suspensions

Sacked whistle-blower demands reinstatement

Elephant-hunting season opens in South Africa

Correction

News Features

Earth science: Harnessing the hum
A new way to analyse seismic vibrations is bringing order out of noise to help predict volcanic eruptions or create detailed images of Earth's interior. Rachel Courtland reports.

Cell biology: The cellular hullabaloo
The inner life of a cell is noisy. Helen Pearson discovers how the resulting randomness makes life more challenging — and richer.

Correspondence

Long-range energy forecasts are no more than fairy tales
Vaclav Smil

Energy assumptions were reasonable at the time, but not now
Christopher B. Field

Future scenarios for emissions need continual adjustment
Richard G. Richels, Richard S. J. Tol & Gary W. Yohe

Climate policies will stimulate technology development
Ottmar Edenhofer, Bill Hare, Brigitte Knopf & Gunnar Luderer

IPCC's climate-policy assumptions were justified
Joseph Romm

Books and Arts

Not so amateur
Volunteer star-gazers tracking satellites at the start of the space age often surpassed the professionals.
Owen Gingerich reviews Keep Watching the Skies! The Story of Operation Moonwatch and the Dawn of the Space Age by W. Patrick McCray

How brains develop
Bruce M. Hood reviews The Fundamentals of Brain Development: Integrating Nature & Nurture by Joan Stiles and The Baby in the Mirror: A Child's World from Birth to Three by Charles Fernyhough

Learning from climates past
Chris Turney reviews Fixing Climate: What Past Climate Changes Reveal About the Current Threat — and How to Counter It by Wallace S. Broecker & Robert Kunzig

Mountains into molehills
Emma Marris reviews Burning the Future: Coal in America and Mountain Top Removal

Saving art in situ
A conservation scientist explains how borrowing gadgets from Mars rovers helps preserve culture on Earth.
Giacomo Chiari

Essay

Science & Music: Facing the music
At the heart of any scientific explanation of music is an understanding of how and why it affects us. In the first of a nine-part essay series, Philip Ball explores just how far we can hope to achieve a full scientific theory of music.
Philip Ball

News and Views

Planetary science: Music of the stratospheres
Fifteen-year oscillations in Saturn's equatorial stratosphere bear a striking resemblance to the shorter-term oscillations seen on Earth and Jupiter — akin to notes played on a cello, a violin and a viola.
Timothy E. Dowling

Computational biochemistry: Old enzymes, new tricks
Although enzymes are superb catalysts, their range of reactions is limited to those that support life. Their repertoire could be expanded by a method that allows artificial enzymes to be made from scratch.
Giovanna Ghirlanda

50 & 100 years ago

Device physics: Chance match
A clever device uses the quantum statistics of electron tunnelling to match image patterns. The circuit is low-power, works at room temperature — and could point to a way forward for silicon electronics.
Robert M. Westervelt

Quantum information: Stopping the rot
Uncontrollable outside influences undermine the whole enterprise of quantum computing. Nailing down the sources of this 'decoherence' in a solid-state system is a step towards solving the problem.
Philip C. E. Stamp

Obesity: What's your fat-cell allowance?
Sadaf Shadan

Molecular biology: An HIV secret uncovered
With two catalytic activities and many substrates, how does HIV's reverse transcriptase enzyme know what to do to which substrate? Zooming in on the enzyme's molecular interactions provides tantalizing clues.
Eddy Arnold & Stefan G. Sarafianos

News and Views Q&A

Materials science: Supramolecular polymers
Most polymers consist of long molecular chains made up of many units connected by covalent bonds — but supramolecular polymers are different. The strikingly dynamic properties of these materials arise from the reversible bonds that hold their chains together, and open up the prospect of many new applications.
Tom F. A. de Greef & E. W. Meijer

Articles

Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution
A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper

Dynamic binding orientations direct activity of HIV reverse transcriptase
Elio A. Abbondanzieri, Gregory Bokinsky, Jason W. Rausch, Jennifer X. Zhang, Stuart F. J. Le Grice & Xiaowei Zhuang

Kemp elimination catalysts by computational enzyme design
Daniela Röthlisberger, Olga Khersonsky, Andrew M. Wollacott, Lin Jiang, Jason DeChancie, Jamie Betker, Jasmine L. Gallaher, Eric A. Althoff, Alexandre Zanghellini, Orly Dym, Shira Albeck, Kendall N. Houk, Dan S. Tawfik & David Baker

Letters

Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn's low-latitude stratospheric temperatures
Glenn S. Orton, Padma A. Yanamandra-Fisher, Brendan M. Fisher, A. James Friedson, Paul D. Parrish, Jesse F. Nelson, Amber Swenson Bauermeister, Leigh Fletcher, Daniel Y. Gezari, Frank Varosi, Alan T. Tokunaga, John Caldwell, Kevin H. Baines, Joseph L. Hora, Michael E. Ressler, Takuya Fujiyoshi, Tetsuharu Fuse, Hagop Hagopian, Terry Z. Martin, Jay T. Bergstralh, Carly Howett, William F. Hoffmann, Lynne K. Deutsch, Jeffrey E. Van Cleve, Eldar Noe, Joseph D. Adams, Marc Kassis & Eric Tollestrup

An equatorial oscillation in Saturn's middle atmosphere
T. Fouchet, S. Guerlet, D. F. Strobel, A. A. Simon-Miller, B. Bézard & F. M. Flasar

Quantum oscillations in a molecular magnet
S. Bertaina, S. Gambarelli, T. Mitra, B. Tsukerblat, A. Müller & B. Barbara

Colossal cages in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as selective carbon dioxide reservoirs
Bo Wang, Adrien P. Côté, Hiroyasu Furukawa, Michael O'Keeffe & Omar M. Yaghi

Increasing risk of Amazonian drought due to decreasing aerosol pollution
Peter M. Cox, Phil P. Harris, Chris Huntingford, Richard A. Betts, Matthew Collins, Chris D. Jones, Tim E. Jupp, José A. Marengo & Carlos A. Nobre

Scale effects and human impact on the elevational species richness gradients
D. Nogués-Bravo, M. B. Araújo, T. Romdal & C. Rahbek

Neutral metacommunity models predict fish diversity patterns in Mississippi–Missouri basin
Rachata Muneepeerakul, Enrico Bertuzzo, Heather J. Lynch, William F. Fagan, Andrea Rinaldo & Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe

REST maintains self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells
Sanjay K. Singh, Mohamedi N. Kagalwala, Jan Parker-Thornburg, Henry Adams & Sadhan Majumder

Long-term haematopoietic reconstitution by Trp53-/-p16Ink4a-/-p19Arf-/- multipotent progenitors
Omobolaji O. Akala, In-Kyung Park, Dalong Qian, Michael Pihalja, Michael W. Becker & Michael F. Clarke

Discrete fixed-resolution representations in visual working memory
Weiwei Zhang & Steven J. Luck

TGF--induced Foxp3 inhibits TH17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORt function
Liang Zhou, Jared E. Lopes, Mark M. W. Chong, Ivaylo I. Ivanov, Roy Min, Gabriel D. Victora, Yuelei Shen, Jianguang Du, Yuri P. Rubtsov, Alexander Y. Rudensky, Steven F. Ziegler & Dan R. Littman

Imaging of Rab5 activity identifies essential regulators for phagosome maturation
Masahiro Kitano, Michio Nakaya, Takeshi Nakamura, Shigekazu Nagata & Michiyuki Matsuda

Chromatin decouples promoter threshold from dynamic range
Felix H. Lam, David J. Steger & Erin K. O'Shea

Naturejobs

Prospect
Prospects
Postdocs need a set of defined, widely endorsed core competencies. Or do they?
Gene Russo

Region
Toronto rising
Specialist research centres are springing up in Canada's biggest city, nourished by government funds that also attract high-calibre scientists. Kurt Kleiner reports.
Kurt Kleiner

Career View
Karin Lochte, director, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
Oceanographer and climate change specialist heads to Germany's Wegener Institute.
Virginia Gewin

Animal assets in academia
Trying to get vets into academia.
Virginia Gewin

Going with your gut
I strive to find the best hummus — and the best experimental approach.
Zachary Lippman

Spotlight
Spotlight on North Carolina and Research Triangle Park

Futures

The icosahedral anaster
A slight detour?
John P. Boyd